* Liquid Biofuels           o Ethanol (starch and sugar)           o Biodiesel (oils, microalgae)           o Pyrolysis Oils (any organic waste)     * Gas Biofuels           o Methane biogas from organic waste (heat or electricity)     * Solid Biofuels (Biomass)           o Pellets (wood/grass)           o Direct Combustion from wood waste (thermal or electricity or CHP)       (Majority are products  of Natural Resources – dedicated crops  or wastes)

  Renewable Energy  and Biofuels     * No one solution!     * Biofuels is only ONE of the options     * Any proponent that promotes a particular technology as the “best” solution has little credibility! (need a tool box with a complete set of tools!)     * Diversity is the key – use as many options as possible     * Must be realistic to speed up mainstream integration and acceptance     * Also will NEVER eliminate petroleum products and this should not be the goal – the goal should be to reduce use of these products for low value products (I.e. transportation fuels)

The Ultimate  Renewable Energy Infrastructure     * Ethanol and Biodiesel  produced from waste agricultural, forest and  urban biomass using methane biogas as  the thermal energy source, with electrical  energy supplied by wind and solar.           o Liquid biofuels burned in hybrid vehicles     * Homes heated by the thermal product that makes most sense depending on location: e.g. wood/hay pellets, methane biogas (NG), solar hot water, geothermal….     * Household electricity from wind and solar

Biofuels A New Gold Rush or Old News?     * Old News!!!!           o Brazil (1980E (2006 fuel self-sufficiency))           o USA (1990E/2000BD)           o Europe (1990 BD/2006E)           o Australia (2000, BD/2004E)           o Canada (2004/2006)     * Canada 10-15years behind the USA and the rest of the world           o BOPI and EcoABC provided some assistance (2007-2010)

The Multiple  Goals of The Biofuels     * Rural Economic Development  (putting more $ in the pockets of  those harvesting and processing natural resources  and their communities!!!!)           o MARKET DIVERSIFICATION – for the first time in many years people harvesting and processing natural resources have a choice of an alternative market!           o Often feedstock sourcing involves long-term contracts with producers           o Dividends (investment/ownership – co-op)       (Key to success and  benefiting everyone - local ownership)     * An immediate positive environmental impact

Why Liquid Biofuels?     * Liquid  Biofuels are easily  implemented in the short-term  into current distribution  and consumption infrastructure     (requires  no change for the  consumer) and a large  known market – the  downside of using solid  fuels (grain, hay, wood)  even if it is   actually more efficient,  economical and environmentally  friendly – it is  difficult to access  market – changing  consumer habits, heating  equipment etc.

          o Ethanol (B5 or 10), Biodiesel (B10) can be used in all vehicles on the road today! Government Biofuels  Policy     * Effective Policies  Create Attractive Business Investment and Business  Development Environments           o Use of incentives (production credits, low-cost energy options)                 + small amounts over a long-term period, every one eligible when they produce!                 + reduces need for governments to provide large amounts in a single year in capital assistance which has less impact on project sustainability but more difficult to budget (                 + incentives vs capital assistance: due diligence requires adequate knowledge of technology, ability to accept risk – politics!)     * Mandates: provide a secure market for product (RFS Mandates – 5%).     * Level playing field (other provinces, states etc.)     * Probably the biggest impact of policy is investor confidence – provides a stable environment for the project

Federal Biofuels  Policy and Incentives     * Federal  Government has made  some important commitment  to Biofuels:           o Mandate: 5% National RFS (2010 and 2012)                 + Details of program Fall 2009, enforcement December 2010           o BOPI ($$ for feasibility studies and project development)           o EcoABC (up to 25 million per project for financing and construction of projects to be completed by 2010)           o Federal Producer Incentive (federal gas tax) – assist with production costs (E$0.40/gal/BD $0.80/gal 2007-2010 annual decrease)           o $1 billion dollar clean energy fund (carbon capture and storage – carbon sequestration – Alberta?!)(May 2009) Try

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Provincial Biofuels  Incentives     * Quebec: Ethanol  and Biodiesel up to 80 cents per  gallon (2018)     * Ontario – Ethanol and Biodiesel up to 80 cents per gallon (2015); Green Electricity Incentives ($0.04-0.08/kw); Biogas Assistance Program     * Manitoba - Ethanol and Biodiesel $1 till 2015 then to be reduced to $0.44/gal (to encourage construction)     * Saskatchewan – Ethanol and Biodiesel $0.60/gal (2010)     * Alberta - Ethanol and Biodiesel $0.36-0.56/gal (2011)           o Biogas Producer Credit (2007-2011) current rate+$0.02-0.06/kw     * British Columbia - Ethanol and Biodiesel $0.58/gal     * Nova Scotia – $0.56/gallon Provincial Road Tax Rebate Biodiesel

* All the provinces  above have comprehensive renewable energy policies  and incentives, which vary from province  to province   The USA Today     * $786 million for  advanced biofuels research (May 5, 2009)     * $480 million for biorefineries (May 5, 2009)     * Continuation of all incentive programs (Blenders Credit $0.51/gallon)     * Future Tradable Credits?     * http://www1.eere.energy.gov/biomass/  

Atlantic Canada   My Perception  of the Road Forward for Biofuels in  2006 Atlantic Canada  Biofuel Policy     * Nova  Scotia           o Towards a Greener Future (2009) (no mention of biofuels at all as part of renewable energy strategy!)           o Gas tax exemption on biodiesel (2005)     * New Brunswick           o Climate Change Action Plan 2007-2012                 + Commitment to provincially meet federal biofuels standards (RFS)                 + NB department of energy has a good knowledge base of the issues/barriers facing biofuels policy implementation                 + Biodiesel stakeholders roundtable April 2009           o Embedded Generation Policy for Electricity (wind, solar, biogas CHP – small scale generation access @ 9cents/kw)

    * PEI           o Biofuels Review and Feasibility Study for PEI 2006 S&T Consulting (Don O’Connnor)           o ENVIRONMENTAL AND RENEWABLE INDUSTRIES COMMITTEE (ERIC) Final Report and Recommendation January 2008           o PEI and Climate Change (2009) – Contains evidence of having a good understanding of the technologies and options

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Atlantic Canada  Projects     * Nova Scotia           o Wilson Fuels (BQ 9000 Certification 1 of 2 in Canada – only one in Eastern Canada) + Only Commercial Supplier of Biodiesel in Atlantic Canada           o ST FX Biodiesel Testing Lab BQ 9000 Testing Certified (ONC/Wilson's, SF Rendering, BIOD)           o Atlantec Bioenergy Corp.                 + Atlantic Canada’s FIRST small scale ethanol plant (pilot scale to be upgraded to test scale in Fall 2009)           o Maritime Biofuels (John Houck)                 + Biofuel Process Certifications                 + Commercial Ethanol Production by Fall 2009

Atlantic Canada  Projects     * New Brunswick           o EGO (biodiesel and diesel engine additives)           o BIOD-Belisle Feeds (biodiesel – soybean. processing the by-product - target is 25 million litres, currently @ 5 million litres for company fleet use)           o Irving SawMill St. Leonard Biomass Plant           o Atlantica Forest Bioenergy Task Force (NB, NS and Maine)                 + Comprehensive study (PWC) on short and long term opportunities                 + AIF Proposal (Pilot biorefineries in 3 regional mills)           o Laforge Farms: On-Farm Biogas Project (500kw)

  Atlantic Canada  Projects     * PEI           o Cavendish Biogas Plant           o ? Biodiesel?

Reality 2006-2009!

Atlantic Progress     * All projects are  private sector driven by Local Investors  and Companies who see the environmental  and business opportunity and have $$ to  invest.     (barrier  to developing projects is the time and  energy required to work with all the  stakeholders to get projects to advance)     * Some minimal support from Provinces           o Many choose not to access this as criteria are very specific, timelines are 6-12 months for approval and the amounts are minimal.

Keeping Current…     * Bioenergy Canada  (BBI)           o Ethanol Producers Magazine/Biomass/Biodiesel Producers Magazine (USA)     * Canadian Conferences           o Canadian Renewable Energy Workshop (CREW) Saskatchewan March 2009 (BBI)           o Canadian Renewable Fuels Association (National) December 2009 (CRFA-BBI)           o Atlantic Bioenergy Conference September 21-23 2009 – Moncton (BBI) Focus Biomass           o World Congress on Industrial Biotechnology and Bioprocessing July 2009 Montreal (Emerging Technologies)